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File Name:
APS08.html
Modified:
20 August 2002
Title:
The Assessment of the Present Situation
6 Occurence(s)
of the search term
state
Description:
And, in keeping with this, our first question will be, what are the objective changes which have taken place in the grouping of classes and the political balance of forces in Russia between 1904 and 1908? The main changes can be reduced, in our view, to the following five: (1) There has been a fundamental shift in the agrarian policy of the autocracy on the peasant question; support and reinforcement of the old village commune have been superseded by a policy of speeded-up police destruction and plundering of that commun.(2) The representative arrangements of the Black-Hundred nobility and big bourgeoisie have made a tremendous step forward: instead of the former local elected committees of the nobles and merchants, instead of sporadic attempts at representing them on an all-Russian scale, there is a single representative body, the
state
Duma, page 268 in which these classes are guaranteed complete preponderanc.Representation of the liberal professions -- to say nothing of the peasantry and the proletariat -- is reduced to the role of an appendage and a makeweight in this so-called "constitutional" institution, the purpose of which is to strengthen the autocrac
File Name:
APS09.html
Modified:
20 August 2002
Title:
The Aim of the Proletarian Struggle
5 Occurence(s)
of the search term
state
Description:
That is a great pity, for their significance in the history of the tactical principles of Social-Democracy is enormou.It is these dralt resolutions which show what lessons the two sections of the Party drew from the experience of the struggles of October and December 1905. The Bolsheviks in their draft resolution on the class aims of the proletariat write: "Only the proletariat can bring the democratic revolution to its consummation, the condition being that the proletariat, as the only thoroughly revolutionary class in modern society, leads the mass of the peasantry, and imparts political consciousness to its spontaneous struggle against landed proprietorship and the feudal
state
" (repeated in the draft resolution for the London Congress, see Proletary, N.14, March 4, 1907*). Thus the "formula" which the Bolsheviks here chose for themselves reads: the proletariat leading the peasantr
File Name:
APSD02.html
Modified:
20 August 2002
Title:
The Agrarian Programme of Russian Social-Democracy
17 Occurence(s)
of the search term
state
Description:
In those instances and relationships where this system still prevails, and insofar as it still prevails, its enemy is the peasantry as a whol.As opposed to serf-ownership, to the feudal-minded landlords, and the
state
that serves them, the peasantry still stands as a class, a class not of capitalist but of serf-owning society, i.e., as an estate-class.* Inasmuch as this class antagonism between the "peasantry" and the privileged landowners, so characteristic of serf-owning society, still survives in our countryside, insomuch a working-class party must undoubtedly be on the side of the "peasantry," support its struggle and urge it on to fight against all remnants of serf-ownershi. We put the word "peasantry" in quotation marks in order to emphasise the existence in this case of an absolutely indubitable contradiction: in present-day society the peasantry of course no longer constitutes an integral clas
File Name:
APSD08.html
Modified:
20 August 2002
Title:
Agrarian Programme of S.-D. in Russian Revolution
22 Occurence(s)
of the search term
state
Description:
My picture brings out this content, showing what the struggle in the Russian revolution is abou.Thirty thousand landowners -- mainly the nobility, but also the
state
-- possess 70 million dessiatines of lan.This basic fact should be regarded in the light of another fact: 10 1/2 million peasant households and smallest proprietors possess 75 million dessiatine
File Name:
AQ99.html
Modified:
20 August 2002
Title:
Die Agrarfrage
2 Occurence(s)
of the search term
state
Description:
Optimistic economists, says Kautsky, are mistaken in believing that such changes in European agriculture can save it from crisis; the crisis is spreading and can only end in a general crisis of capitalism as a whol.This, of course, does not give one the least right to speak of the ruin of agriculture, but its conservative character is gone for ever; it has entered a
state
of uninterrupted transformation, a
state
that is typical of the capitalist mode of production in genera."A large area of land under large-scale agricultural production, the capitalist nature of which is becoming more and more pronounced; the growth of leasing and mortgaging, the in dustrialisation of agriculture -- these are the elements that are preparing the ground for the socialisation of agricultural productio
File Name:
AQCM01.html
Modified:
20 August 2002
Title:
The Agrarian Question and the "Critics of Marx"
20 Occurence(s)
of the search term
state
Description:
This is the customary (and the only) argument advanced in favour of this "universal" la.A little thought, however, will prove to anyone that this argument is an empty abstraction, which ignores the most important thing -- the level of technological development, the
state
of the productive force.Indeed, the very term "additional (or successive) investments of labour and capital" presupposes changes in the methods of production, reforms in techniqu
File Name:
AQCM07.html
Modified:
20 August 2002
Title:
The Agrarian Question and the "Critics of Marx"
3 Occurence(s)
of the search term
state
Description:
page 175 labou.Not a word about the fact that Hecht embellishes the "settled
state
" of the factory worker who has a plot of land, lumping together workers and well-to-do peasant.Not a word about the fact that while a small number of well to-do peasants are "flourishing", the conditions of the bulk of the peasants are such that they even have to sell their milk and use cheaper margarine as a substitut
File Name:
AQD09.html
Modified:
20 August 2002
Title:
On the Article "Question of the Day"
1 Occurence(s)
of the search term
state
Description:
They prefer to talk "among themselve.We invite all comrades, otzovists and orthodox Bolsheviks alike, to
state
their views in the columns of Proletar.If necessary we shall publish these contributions in pamphlet for
File Name:
AQP17.html
Modified:
20 August 2002
Title:
A Question of Principle
2 Occurence(s)
of the search term
state
Description:
536-38. Translated from the Russian Edited by Bernard Isaacs Prepared © for the Internet by David J. Romagnolo, djr@marx2mao.org (July 1999) page 536 A QUESTION OF PRINCIPLE "FORGOTTEN WORDS" OF DEMOCRACY The filthy torrent of lies and slander which the capitalist papers have spewed out against the Kronstadt comrades has revealed once more how dishonest these papers ar.They have seized on a quite ordinary and unimportant incident and magnified it to the dimensions of a "
state
" affair, of "secession" from Russia and so on and so fort. Izvestia of the Petrograd Soviet N
File Name:
AQR08.html
Modified:
20 August 2002
Title:
The Agrarian Question in Russia
38 Occurence(s)
of the search term
state
Description:
-- T. page 72 Milliondessiatines 1st group: Privately-owned land . . . . . 2nd group: Allotment land . . . . . . . 3rd group:
state
lands, etc. . . . . . . . 101.7 138.8 154.7 Total in European Russia . . . . . 395.2 It should be said that our statistics include among
state
lands more than one hundred million dessiatines in the Far North, in the Archangel, Olonets and Vologda gubernias.[*] A great part of the
state
lands must be excluded, once we are dealing with the real area of agricultural lands in European Russi.In my work on the agrarian programme of the Social-Democrats in the Russian revolution (written at the end of 1907, but delayed in publication through circumstances beyond the control of the author), I estimate the actual area of agricultural lands in European Russia at approximately 280 million dessiatines.[**] This figure includes not 150 million but 39.5 million dessiatines of state lan
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