KARL MARX

THE
POVERTY
OF
 PHILOSOPHY 

FOREIGN LANGUAGES PRESS
PEKING

First Edition 1966
Second Edition 1974
Third Edition 1977




Prepared © for the Internet by David J. Romagnolo, djr@cruzio.com (February 1998)

The present English edition of Karl Marx's Poverty of Philosophy, Answer to the "Philosophy of Poverty" by M. Proudhon,[1] follows the French edition of 1847, while the revisions in the German editions of 1885 and 1892 and in the French edition of 1896 have been taken into account. The translations of this work, of the two prefaces by Frederick Engels and of the four appendices are based on previous versions. Some changes have been made for closer conformity with the original French or German texts.


  C O N T E N T S


PREFACE TO THE FIRST GERMAN EDITION
By Frederick Engels


1

PREFACE TO THE SECOND GERMAN EDlTlON
By Frederick Engels
 


20
 


KARL MARX: THE POVERTY OF PHILOSOPHY
Answer to the "Philosophy of Poverty"
by M. Proudhon


FOREWORD

23

Chapter I.  A SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY

25

  §1. The Opposition Between Use Value and Exchange Value

25

  §2. Constituted Value or Synthetic Value

38

  §3. Application of the Law of the Proportionality of Value

72

       A) Money
       B) Surplus Left by Labour

72
83

Chapter II.  THE METAPHYSICS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY

96

  §1. The Method

96

       First Observation
       Second Observation
       Third Observation
       Fourth Observation
       Fifth Observation
       Sixth Observation
       Seventh and Last Observation

97
102
103
104
109
115

  §2. Division of Labour and Machinery

122

  §3. Competition and Monopoly

139

  §4. Property or Rent

148

  §5. Strikes and Combinations of Workers

161


APPENDICES
 

MARX: TO P. V. ANNENKOV

173

MARX: SPEECH ON THE QUESTION OF FREE TRADE

189

MARX: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE CRITIQUE OF POLITICAL
       ECONOMY (EXCERPT)


208

MARX: ON PROUDHON (TO J. B. SCHWEITZER)

215


NOTES


224


KARL MARX

THE POVERTY OF PHILOSOPHY
 
 
Answer to the "Philosophy of Poverty"
by M. Proudhon


 

Written in the first half of 1847
 
First published in pamphlet form
in Paris and Brussels in 1847

Original in French
 
 
 




From Marx
to Mao

Marx and Engels
Collection

Reading
Guide

Notes on
the Text
Below




From Marx
to Mao

Marx and Engels
Collection

Reading
Guide