File Name: TSE68Index.html
Modified: 28 February 2003
Title:
1 Occurence(s) of the search term contradictionDescription:
mergers of collective and state farms
in, 53; nationalisation of land in, 46;
payment in sute farms of, 79; planned
economy of, 32, 95-6; postponement
of price reform in, 185, 193; power
station networks in, 61; price-system
of, see Price-systems; Soviet trusts,
64; work brigades in, 76-7
Sovnarkhozy, 85, 98, 101, 119, 129
Specialisation, 65
Stalin, Joseph, 71, 107-9 passim, 186;
on commodity production, 34-5, 37-8,
39, 132-3, 141-2; on economic laws,
126, 138; on social contradictions,
139
State banking, 32, 88
State capitalism, 26, 29, 164-6 passim,
170, 220, 243
State farms, 53, 77, 79, 105
State intervention, 28; see also Transi-
tional economies
State ownership, 128, 133, 166, 224;
and economic subject, 72, 178-9; im-
plications of, 43-4, 53, 109; as juri-
dical framework, 47, 51
State power, 179; disappearance of, 43-
4, 47
State sector, 39-40; diversity of produc-
tion units in, 41-2, 46, 62; juridical
powers of, 109; and price-system, 186;
trading organs within, 106
Statisation, and efficiency, 140-1; and
socialisation, 44-7, 169
Stocks, 106
Strumilin, 190
'Subjectivism', 189, 206
Supplier and user, direct links between,
58
Sur la 'moyenne ideale' et les formes de
transition (Althusser), 14
Survivals, 15-16, 53, 87, 109-10,
137
Targets, 99; planning, see Plans; for
production, 84, 104-5; quantitative,
103-4
Taxes and tax rates, 187, 201, 203,
204
Tax in kind, 35, 123
Technical departments, transformation
into, 97, 107, 117
Terminology, 19-24
Theory, and technical practice, 210-11
Trade, see Foreign trade; Socialist trade
Trading co-operatives, 36
Trading organs, 106, 182
Transition, abstract and concrete con-
cepts of, 144, 147-8; forms of, 13-14,
21-2, 221; ideal and historical, 20;
from the potential to the real, 167-9;
problems of, 22, 27, 166, 168-72;
theory of, 14-19, 21, 22, 160-1
Transitional economies, commodity char-
acter of, 224-5; concepts of, 224-5
forms of non-correspondence in, 223-
4, 225-6, 228, 232; intervention of
political and ideological levels in, 226,
229; and price-systems, 219, 220,
223-7, 228-9, 233-4
Transition phases, 22-3; fundamental
feature of, 24-8, 152; prolonged, 153;
stages in, 23-4
Tsagolov, 190
'Two-channel prices', 202-4
USA, 68
USSR Academy of Sciences, 190
USSR Central Statistical Office, 198
USSR Institute of Mathematics Applied
to the Economy, 236
Value, labour theory of, 209, 210, 213,
216-17, 220, 241; and prices, 177,
190-1, 202, 218, 221; see also Law
of value
Vertical integration, 65-71, 82
Vietnam, Democradc Republic of, 32
Vlahov, Ivan, 112
Von Neumann, 213
Wages, 137-8, 202-3
Welfare economics, 239
Wolfe, P., 233
Working groups, and decisions, 89-90,
107-8; and economic subject, 81;
hierarchy in, 82,84; and internal eco-
nomic calculation, 79; internal struc-
turing of, 76; optimum size of, 77-9;
payment of, 80; social personality of,
76, 80, 115; in Soviet agriculture,
76-7, 115
World production-relations, and national
economies, 20; transition period in,
18-19
Yugoslavia, 27, 54, 219-20
.
page 249
Index
Accumulation funds, 52, 87-8, 179, 180
Administrative centralisation, 23, 26,
85, 92; in planned economies, 31, 176-
7; quality and quantity control in, 93
Administrative management, bureaucrati-
sation of, 83, 86, 90-2; and economic
subjects, 74, 83, 85; role of, 86
Administrative share-out, 56-7, 60
Administrative subordination, 82, 85,
90-3
Agricultural cadres, 78
Agriculture, and economic subject, 73-4,
75; industrial products consumed by,
48-9; and nationalisation of land, 46;
new techniques in, 51; planning in com-
munes, 78-9; transition period in,
123-4; vertical integration in, 66-7;
working groups in, 76-8; see also Col-
lective-farm sector
Alienation, 155, 156
Althusser, Louis, 13, 14-15, 144, 155,
156
Anti-Dühring (Engels), 33, 34, 43, 48,
166
Appropriation, formal and real mode of,
24, 25-6, 29, 127-8, 134, 225-6;
homology of forms of, 25-6; and level
of productive forces, 152-3
Authority, and effective capacity, 45
Automation, 54, 70, 174, 176
Bachurin, A., 210
Balibar, Etienne, 15, 24, 25, 28, 226
Banking system, and centralised allot-
ments, 58-9; funds for investments of,
102; of state, 32, 88
Berri, L., 49-50
Bettelheim, C., 180
Böhm-Bawerk, 151
Bolshevik Party, Ninth Congress 1920,
181
Bonuses, 97, 101
Bottigelli, E., 155, 163
Brody, Andras, 202, 212-13
Bukharin, Nikolai, 31, 111, 125-6,
132, 150, 172
Bulgaria, 201
Bunich, P., 238
Bureaucratic domination, bureaucratisa-
tion, 62-3, 64, 82; in administrative
hierarchy, 90-1; and economic subjects,
74, 83, 117
Business accounting, 100, 115-16,
137, 174, 186; see also Calculation,
economic
Buying and selling, 110; central office
for, 57-8, 64; contracts for, 86-7;
joint services for, 69; of means of pro-
duction, 174; planned obligations in, 56-
60; in state sector, 133
Calculation, economic, 77, 80, 186-9
passim, 212, 225, 229-30, 232-4;
electronic, 64, see also Electronic tools;
internal, 79; requirements of, 38, 57,
62; strategic, 229, 243
Capacity, effective, to account and allot,
127-8, 129-30, 168-9; and authori-
ty, 45; to dispose of means of produc-
tion, 45, 130, 140; of economic sub-
ject, 75
Capital (Marx), 14, 151, 160, 163-4,
224; on price-systems, 195, 208,
211-12, 214-15, 218, 220, 223,
231, 236
Capitalism, capitalist modes of produc-
tion, 14-15; British, 15; calculation
techniques in, 231; contradictions of,
164-5; dissolution of, 20-1; fragmen-
tation under, I35; horizontal concentra-
tion in, 65; labour-process in, 217-
18; price system of, 195-6, 201, 211,
213, 240, 243; social forms of owner-
ship in, 43, 52, 164; in socialist
structures, 17; theoretical foundations
of, 151, 212; transition to, 15, 24-5;
vertical integration in, 66-70
Capitalist property, 163-4
Centralisation, functional and bureaucrat-
ic, 64-5
Centralised allotments, 56-60, 62, 106,
110
page 250
Centralised economic management, 60-5,
134; of oil refineries and railways, 61,
73; of power sutions, 61, 73, 75
Chemical industry, integration in, 68-9
China, agricultural reform in, 29; devel-
opment of co-operatives in, 52; indiv-
idual production in, 131; people's com-
munes in, 53, 78-9, 95; planned econ-
omy of, 32; state capitalism in, 52
Chou Ti-chin, 79
Chronological gap, 25
Class coalitions, 22
Collective-farm sector, 35-6, 39-40;
direct planning in, 46; economic levers
in, 46-7; and level of productive forces,
128-9; and local markets, 131; means
of production of, 108-9; mergers in,
53; prices of, 235; transition to public
property of, 132; work brigades in,
76-7
Collective ownership, 166-7
Collectivisation, 35-6, 46, 51
Comecon, 201
Commodity categories and commodity
production, 28, 32-3, 34-6, 87, 221,
227; conditions for disappearance of,
39-40, 45, 47, 57, 60-3, 65, 70-1,
132; disappearance of, 44, 84, 110,
120, 134-5, 172-5; and freedom of
manoeuvre, 136-7; reasons for, 41-2,
178; within state sector, 36-42, 55-6,
59, 104, 107, 109-10, 130, 135-8,
175-6; and technico-economic integra-
tion, 176
Communist Manifesto, 159
Compartmentalisation, 92, 114
Conditions for new modes of production,
19-21
Conformity, lack of, 23; see also Non-
correspondence
Conjunctures, structure of, 21
Constitution, theory of, 19-20
Consumer goods, 175, 177, 182; as com-
modity categories, 37-8; profitability
standard of, 193
Consumption, 117-18
Consumption funds, 179, 202
Contractual relations, 86-8, 105-6,
173-4
Contradictions, 23, 25; analysis of, 149-
50, 152, 160-1; capitalist and social-
ist, 164-5; between co-operatives and
state organs, 54; between interest of
economic subjects and collective inter-
est, 97-8; in Marxist dialectics, 145-
6; and non-correspondence, 26; in plan-
ning targets, 100; principal, 144-50,
153-4;
between productive forces and organisa-
tional forms, 126
Co-operative contracts, 88
Co-operative production, 50, 51, 53
Co-operation, 28, 36, 66, 67
Costs, of production, see Production costs;
of reverse linkage, 222-3, 231, 234;
social, see Social costs
Credit-appropriation system, 58, 59-60
Credit contracts, 87-8
Critique of the Gotha Programme (Marx),
32-3, 38, 47, 137, 159, 239
Csikos-Nagy, 41, 208-10
Cuba, 19, 29, 168; administrative share-
out in, 60; agricultural cadres in, 78;
agricultural reform in, 131, 172; con-
ditions for socialist revolution in, 153;
'Consolidados' in, 63, 129; National Sug-
ar Commission, 113; transition phases
in, 131, 171
'Cultured capitalists', 170
Curreney tokens, 62, 112
Czechoslovakia, 32, 61, 202, 209
Dantzig, G. B., 233
Decision-making centre, 55
Decisions, 73, 75-6; economic, 81-2,
107-8, 230, 242; macro and micro,
105, 108; nature of, 88-90; and prices,
187; teehnical, 81, 89-90, 107; work-
ing-out of, 84
Demand and supply, 59, 136
Directors, 118, 128
Disposal and control, rights of, 54
Distribution, of labour, 173; of means of
production, 174; organisation of, 137-
8, 142
Division of labour, and economic subject,
74; technical, 55, 81
Dumont, Rene, 115
Economic autonomy, disappearance of, 61;
of economic subjects, see Economic sub-
jects; of production-units, see Produc-
tion-units, relative autonomy of
'Economic levers', 46-7, 84-5
Economic hierarchy, 82-3, 89-90; types
of, 90-4
Economic laws, and productive forces,
138; and socialism, 125-6, 132, 133,
136
Economic management, see Centralised
economic management
Economico-juridical subjects, contractual
relations of, 86-8; hierarchy of, 75;
loss of autonomy of, 90-1
page 251
Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts
(Marx), 154-7, 163
Economic Problems of Socialism in the
USSR (Stalin), 34-5, 37-8, 107,
108, 126, 133, 138, 189
Economic structures, 16-18
Economic subjects, 64, 69, 107, 224;
autonomy of, 97-8, 102, 104, 105,
107-8, 110; and contractual relations,
105-6; detemmination of, 72-6, 80;
and economic decisions, 81-2, 230,
242; internal structure of, 72, 76-82;
investment funds of, 101-2; and jurid-
ical subject, 71-2, 74-5, 93; objec-
tive conditions for single subject, 62-4,
134; and planning, 83-5, 93-107; re-
duction of, 97, 107; subordination and
hierarchy of, 82-6, 178-9
Economic surplus, 52
Economism, 227
Economy of the Transition Period, The
(Bukharin), 31
Education, role of, 122
Electronic tools, 64, 70, 116-17, 135,
142, 176, 203, 233, 242-3
Emmanuel, A., 194
Empiricism, 143, 147-9 passim; and
theory, 21O-11, 214; and value prob-
lem, 216-18
Enclosure acts, 19
Engels, Friedrich, 151, 153, 229; on
commodity production, 34-5, 42, 43,
234-5; criticism of Erfurt Programme,
165; Elberfeld speech, 32; on Marxism
as ethics, 155-6; on productive forces,
47-8, 122; on state ownership, 43,
166
Equilibrium rate of growth, 213
Exchange, freedom of, 130-1, 141; or-
ganisation of, 130-7; and socialist pro-
duction, 132-7; see also Market mech-
anism
Exploitation, systems of, 21
Feudal mode of production, 15, 24
Feuerbach, Ludwig, 155, 156
Forecasts, and production targets, 104-
5, 108, 110, 176; see also Social fore-
casting Foreign trade, and commodity
production, 35, 37, 142
France, 69
Freedom of manoeuvre, see Economic au-
tonomy
Fuel and power sector, new prices for,
237-8; profitability rates in, 199-
200
Full employment, 52
Ganczer, S., 201
German Democratic Republic, 61, 194,
237-8
Germany, 68
Godelier, Maurice, 239
Growth rates, 238-9
Guevara, 'Che', 153, 160
Hegel, Georg W. E., 156, 158
Horizontal concentration, 65
Humanism, 154-6
Hungary, 61; National Prices Office, 190;
price calculations in, 188, 191, 192,
201-4, 209
India, 22
Indonesia, 22
Industrial enterprises, integration of, 67,
68-9; production of consumer goods by,
175-6, 182; socialisation of, 170
The Industrial Revolution, 25
Industry, economic subject in, 73; light,
194, 199-200; large-scale, 25; opti-
mum size of working groups in, 77;
organisation of, 181; profitability of,
199; and value form, 241
Information, selection of, 92; transmis-
sion of, 73, 75, 80-1
Innovations, 103, 205; see also Products,
new
Introduction to a Critique of Political
Economy (Marx), 144
Integration, economic, 113-14, 176-7;
forms of, 65-71, 133; technical, 73,
176-7
Investments, investment funds, 179, 198,
207-8; depreciation of, 203, 236;
planning of, 84, 175, 242; rate of pro-
fit for, 197-8, 200, 202-4; without
security, 101-3; unequal intensity of,
200; waste of, 198, 207
Ivanov, 41
Joint-stock companies, 120, 164-5
Joshua, Isy, 183
Juridical concepts, 133-4, 166, 169-70
Juridical powers, 109-10, 128-9
Juridical subject, 63, 69-70; and eco-
nomic subject, 71-2, 74-5, 128; see
also Economico-juridical subject
Kautsky, Karl, 165
Khozraschet, 187
Khrushchev, Nikita, 79-80
Kronstadt revolt, 23
page 252
Labour, labour-time, actually expended,
215-17 passim; calculation of, 62,
177; concrete, 217, 224-5; economic,
217; internal organisation of, 76; pay-
ment for, 177; socialisation of, 48-9,
50, 138; socially necessary, 135, 172-
3, 177, 189-90, 201, 215-16, 225;
subjection to capital of, 25, 218; and
value, 209, 210, 213, 216-17, 241
Labour contracts, 87
Labour-process, 239-40; integration of,
232; structure of, 217
Labour-saving, 202, 207, 217, 219;
minimum rate of, 196; principle of,
222, 230
L'alliance de la classe ouvrière et de la
paysannerie (Lenin), 35
Land, nationalisation of, 46
Lange, Oskar, 100, 106, 127
Law of value, 37, 39, 40, 100; and soc-
ialist society, 126, 127, 136, 196
'Left-wing' childishness and petty-bourgeois
mentality (Lenin), 44-5, 127, 169
Leisure, 118
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 19, 23, 26; and
Bukharin, 31, 111, 125; on commodity
exchange, 35; on co-operation, 36; on
economic systems in Russia, 17; on free
exchange, 131, 141; on Hegel, 158; on
industrial organisation, 181; and Left-
wing Communism, 44-5, 159; on Marx-
ist analysis, 148; on monopoly capital-
ism, 165-6; on socialisation, 44-5,
127-8, 169-70; on socialist and pri-
vate sectors, 123; on state bank, 88; on
transitional stages, 171
Leninism, 151
Leontief's table of matrix relations, 212
Liberman, 97, 100, 197-8
Lisichkin, 210
Liu Jo-chin, 78-9
Luxemburg, Rosa, 125, 139
McAuley, A. N. D., 239
Management, quality of, 187-8; reform
of, 200, 207
Management centres, 64
Management councils, 54
Mandel, Ernest, 143, 146-7, 149-50,
153, 157-9 passim, 163, 165-6,
168, 172-3
Manufacture, 24
Mao Tse-tung, 126, 146
Marginal utility, 209, 210
Market mechanism, 23,26; and planning,
94, 173-4; and prices, 182-3, 204,
209-10, 214; in socialist economies,
27, 60, 130, 135, 178, 227, 229,
240
Marx, Karl, 22, 41, 108, 151, 153,
158; analysis of value and prices, 213-
14, 217, 218, 220-3, 231, 236-7;
analytical method of, 152; on bourgeoi-
sie, 159; on commodity production, 32-
3, 38, 42; on distribution, 137; early
humanism of, 154-7; on forms of own-
ership, 164-6; formulation of planned
economies, 34; on labour-process, 239-
40, 241; on modes of appropriation, 24,
25; on modes of production, 15, 16, 19;
and problems of transition, 14-15, 144,
and social forms of production, 122,
139-40
Marxism, 212; distortion of, 143, 147
Marxist dialectics, abstract and concrete
in, 144, 146-50, 159; and analysis of
contradictions, 145-50; and ideology,
154-7; and price policies, 211; and
social practice, 150-2
Material incentives, 138, 197; fund for,
100-1
Matrix calculation, 212, 233
Means of production, as commodities, 37,
172-3; common or state ownership of,
32-3, 34-5, 36, 43-4, 48, 50, 53,
133, 166-7, 228; distribution of, 174;
effective capacity to dispose of, 45, 130,
140; levels and forms of ownership of,
50-5; private ownership of, 163-4;
right to productive use of, 109;
socialisation of, 70, 122, 166, 170;
social origin of, 48-9; and the worker,
24-5
Mediations, 23, 26, 178; forms of, 29
Mergers, in capitalist economies, 113,
114; of co-operative units, 53
Modes of production, 14; concepts and
reality of, 15, 17-18; conditions for
new, 19-21; dominant, 16-18, 20;
fundamental contradiction in, 153;
'impurities' or 'residues' in, 15-16;
interaction of, 16-17; in world econo-
my, 18
Money, 130; role of, in socialist state
sector, 58, 104, 110, 136, 174
Muratov, D., 77
National economies, 18, 20
Nationalisation, see Statisation
National planning centre, 84, 85
Nemchinov, 102, 197-8, 236
Neo-colonialism, 13, 29
N.E.P., 26-8 passim, 145, 186
page 253
'Net income' of production, 190, 191,
193; see also Profitability standard
New techniques, rapid introduction of,
51
Non-correspondence, between juridical
relations and production-relations, 91;
between property forms and content,
54; between property relations and
relations of appropriation, 225-6,
228; in transition phase, 24-7, 29,
223-4
Novozhilov, 195, 197-8, 231, 237
Obligatory 'indices', 31
October Revolution, 18, 22, 46, 148
Orders, 89-90; subordination to, 85;
transmission of, 73
Origins, theory of, 21
Planned economies, commodity produc-
tion in, 37-42; freedom of manoeuvre
in, 136; and market economies, 183;
organisation of, 31-2; organisational
changes in, 33-4; planning authorities
in, 83-4
Planning, 45, 55, 84; capitalist, 165-6;
consultation and participation in, 951;
contradictions in, 100; and distribution
of means of production, 173-4; and
electronic tools, 142; and integration,
70, 133; internal technical, 69; Liber-
man's proposals for, 100-1; and mark-
et mechanism, 94, 173-4, 240; prob-
lems of, 94-107; socialist economic,
133-4, 179; in transitional econo-
mies, 224-5, 232-3
Planning authorities, 83-5; and produc-
tion targets, 104-5
Plans, annual character of,103; degree
of exactness of, 98-9; draft, 96, 97-
8, 104; realisation of, 46, 105-7; role
of economic subjects in regard to, 94-
8; structure of, 34; surpassing of, 97;
targets of, 89, 99, 175, 178, 187;
working-out of, 84, 95, 167-8, 230
Poland, 61, 194, 202
Political economy, disappearance of,
125-6; of socialism, 151, 152; see
also Economic laws
Political subordination, 82, 86; and eco-
nomics, 140-1, 226; see also Transi-
tional economies
Political superstructures, 26
Polls, statistical, 105
Post-colonial economies, 13-14, 21-2,
29; transition features in, 27-8
Practical concepts, 13-14
Practice, contradictions of, 152-4; fac-
tors of, 150-2, 160; and theory, 210
Praxis, 156, 157
Price-fixing, 204-6, 209
Price-mechanism, 59, 61, 136, 177,
182; see also Market mechanism
Price policy, 99-101 passim, 221,
227-8
Price of production, 195-201, 202, 213
Prices, based on labour value, 212-13;
based on 'prices of production', 195-
201, 237; based on world prices, 201-
2; debate on, 188-202, 206, 208-9;
dual or political, 230-1, 243; and eco-
nomic calculation, 186-8; economically
significant, 85; imaginary, 220-1,
222, 228, 233; and own costs, 191-4,
237; planned variation of, 222, 240-1;
problems of, 184-5; role of, 184; in
state sector, 235; and values, 177,
190-1, 202, 209, 218, 220
Price-systems, divergencies in, 193, 199
200, 206-7; and economic calculations,
186-9; exceptions in, 189-90, 221;
intervention in, from political level,
242; mathematical methods for, 188-9;
and planned targets, 228, 230; propo-
sals for, 189-202; reforms of, 194,
199-201, 206-7, 235-6; simplifica-
tion of, 188; in Soviet Union, 186-8,
199, 201, 209-10; structure of, 186;
theories and concepts about, 210-14,
218-19, 228; in transitional economies
219, 220, 223-7, 228-9, 233-4;
and 'two-channel prices', 202-4, 234
Private ownership, 114, 163-4, 167;
and productive forces, 25; in transition
to collective forms, 52
Private production, and commodity pro-
duction, 36; and dictatorship of prole-
tariat, 123; integration of, 70
Producer co-operatives, 36, 87, 118,
135, 137
Production, productlon processes, cen-
tralised management of, 60-5; co-op-
erative, 50, 51; division of, 39-40;
individual, 130-1; integration of, 134-
5; interdependence of, 133; socialisa-
tion of, 48-9, 132-7; targets, 84,
104-5
Production costs, 186-7, 188; and
prices, 191-2, 193, 197, 204,
237; unevenness of, 200, 205, 236
Production funds, see Investment funds
Production-relations, 54, 133-4, 139-
40; and commodity relations, 137; 'ex-
plicit model' of, 178-9; and juridical
relations, 91; nature of, 127; and
prices,
page 254
Production-relations -- con. 213; and productive forces, see Pro-
ductive forces; and property, 127-30;
social form of, 45; in state sector, 55-
71; in transitional economy, 225,
228-9
Production-units, under bureaucratic
authority, 63; and centralisation, 64;
and centralised allotment, 57-8; com-
partmentalisation between, 92; deci-
sions by, 31, 90; disappearing autono-
my of, 61; and effective capacity, 129;
interlinked or integrated, 61, 66-9,
90, 133, 173-4, 176; relative auto-
nomy of, 55, 56, 58, 60, 136-7, 178,
237; role of, 33; self-financing, 137;
specialisation and regrouping of, 51, 55,
65; and worker participation, 118-19
Productive forces, degree of socialisation
of, 50-5, 84, 96, 107, 122-3; level
of development of, 41, 47, 65, 70, 81,
107-8, 127, 137-8, 152, 168-9,
227; and production-relations, 47, 124,
146-8, 152-3, 171-2, 219, 226;
social domination, socialisation of, 45-6,
47, 48, 63, 69-70, 117-18, 128-9;
social nature of, 47-50; underdeveloped,
146
Productive use, right to, 109
Products, administrative share-out of,
56-7; circulation of, 62,86-7, 107;
as commodities, 213; and labour, 173;
new, 99, 101, 186, 205; social destina-
tion of, 48, 49-50, 55, 81, 87; stan-
dardisation of, 176
Profit, average rate of, 196-7, 213
Profitability, profit margin, 102, 186-8
passim, 192, 194, 198, 232, 243;
rates of, 197, 199-200, 203-4, 237;
standard of, 191, 193, 200
Programming calculations, linear and
non-linear, 233, 242-3
Proletarian revolution, see Socialist
revolution
Proletariat, dictatorship of, 43, 123-4
Property forms, 34-7, 41, 163-4; adap-
tation of, 47-55; co-operative and pub-
lic, 53, 133; and production-relations,
127-30; state socialist, 129, 134
Qualitative standards, 103-4
Quality control, 58, 93, 98; neglect of,
103; and prices, 205-6
Quantitative indices, 103-4
Rabitzky, B., 210
Raw materials, supply of, 175
'Regulated costs', 186
'Regulating magnitudes', 219-22 passim,
228
Regulations, 85, 89; breach of, 91
'Revolutionary consciousness', 154,
157-8
Romania, 194
Semi-finished goods, supply of, 175
Shoruges, 56, 83, 106
Shvikov, Y., 49-50
Simulation techniques, 80, 116-17
Single state trust, 31, 132
Sitnin, V., 193
Social costs, measurement of, 214-15;
and prices, 195-6, 198, 200, 202,
204, 206, 229
'Social-economic centre', 40-2, 71, 132
Social forecasting, 55, 60, 63, 89, 173-
4, 176
Socialisation, of means of production, see
Means of production; of productive
forces, see Productive forces; and social
ownership, 132; and statisation, 44-7,
169
Socialism, socialist modes of production,
contradictions within, 165; and econom-
ic laws, 125-6; integration in, 70;
political economy of, 151, 152; possi-
bility and reality in, 167-9; problems
of, 28-9; social practice in building of,
151; transition to, 20-1, 251 ; in
under-developed countries, 153
Socialist economies, 33-4
Socialist revolution, and principal con-
tradiction, 146-7; theory of, 151;
transformation through, 154, 157-8
Socialist sector, organisation of, 124-30;
and private sector, 123
Socialist trade, 136
Social needs, distribution in proportion
to, 138; estimation of, 40-1, 61-2, 70,
84, 108, 117-18, 135-6, 173, 175,
177; satisfaction of, 195
Social ownership, lower levels of, 50;
political and economic criteria for,
50-1; and socialisation, 132
Social relations, non-correspondence
between, 223; and productive forces,
23
Social utility, 177
Soviet firms or enterprises, 112-13,
129
Soviet Union, agricultural cadres in, 78;
collectivisation of agriculture in, 29,
75, 76; 'combines' in, 66, 67; develop-
ment of socialist sector in, 124-5;
Five Year plans, 46, 176, 180, 186;
page 255
Soviet Union -- con
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